What is a Lightning Arrester and how does it work?
Lightning Arrester work: When it rains in torrents and there is a lot of lightning, but those millions of volts of lightning fall on all the millions of volts of high-tension electric lines that have passed over our heads. Then it is normal for some accidents to occur normally.
But why is nothing? What is that shield? That protects these millions of volt electric lines from lightning strikes of millions of volts. Lightning Arrester work
Talking about is Lightning Arrester
What we are talking about is Lightning Arrester. Today we will learn in detail through this post what a lighting arrester is and how it works and why it is used.
So friends if you are in any way associated with the electrical field or are a student of electrical engineering then I would tell you to read this post carefully to the end and share it with all your friends who want to know, the electric lines from millions of volts of lightning Who protects?
What is a lightning arrester and why is it used?
Friends Lightning Arrester is a lightning arrester device. When there is a lot of lightning in the sky on a rainy day but it has millions of voltages and that amount of voltage falls on the high tension line above our head but the
the voltage of that line increases many times which is called surge voltage and the duration of this lightning is short, However, the equipment connected to the line and the line is damaged.
Therefore
The device or device that is used with the electrical line to protect the line and electrical equipment is called a lightning arrester.
Since the name of the device is Lightning Arrester, and through this name but we understand two things very well that the function of Lightning Arrester is to arrest or intercept Lightning.
hen surges or excess voltages are created due to lightning strikes on electrical lines, the device transmits the excess voltage safely to the ground without causing the line to flow, thus avoiding damage to the electrical line and all equipment connected to it.
Features lightning Arrester
Friends Lightning Arrester is for recognizing or understanding Lightning Arrester but there are some features that are given below. Lighting arresters have one or more gaps through which the arc is created and there is a specific mechanism for extinguishing that arc.
Under normal conditions lightning arrester but no current flows. Whenever high voltage or surge voltage occurs in the line, current flows through the lightning arrester.
Requirement of Lightning Arrester
Friends at different times but suddenly the voltage suddenly rises abnormally in the whole electrical system such as the lightning effect, circuit breaker not opening, load disconnection, etc. The voltage in the overhead lines rises abnormally for a very short time which is called surge voltage.
And even when there is a thunderstorm in the sky, there is a strong possibility of high voltage in the electric lines and if there is no proper safety system at that time,
then all the equipment connected to the electric line like a transformer, switchgear will be completely destroyed and so all these devices are protected. In order to do this, the need for lightning arresters as a protective device in every electrical system is immense.
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How many types of lightning arresters and what are they?
Lightning Arresters however are of different types and the names of each and a detailed discussion about them are given below.
- Rod Gap Arrester
- Sphere Gap Arrester
- Horn Gap Arrester
- Multiple gap arresters
- Impulse Protective Gap Arrester
- Electrolytic arrester
- Explosion type arrester
- Valve type lightning arrester
- Thyroid Lightning Arrester
- Auto valve arrester
- Oxide film arrester
- Metal oxide lightning arrester
Rod gap arrester
The structure of this type of lightning arrester is very simple. This lighting arrester has two rods and there is an air gap between these two rods. One rod is connected to the line and the other rod is connected to the ground.
And a minimum distance between these two roads has to be maintained so that it is able to work at crucial moments. Whenever there is a lightning strike in an electrical system
but a spark is created between the two rods of this lightning arrester and the excess current goes directly to the ground without affecting
the electrical system and thus this rod gap gives lightning arrest to the electrical system. But friends, this lightning arrester has a problem. It operates at low voltage. So to avoid this problem, a high-quality resistance is
added to the series with this lightning arrester so that the high voltage and lightning arrester can demonstrate its effectiveness.
Sphere GapArrester
We will now discuss the Sphere Gap Lightning Arrest. Friends, in this type of lightning arrest, an air gap is created between the two spheres. One sphere is attached to the found line and the other is attached to the ground. However, the distance between the two spheres is very short.
A choke coil is connected to the phase winding of a power line and a gap is kept between the two spheres in such a way that no spark is created during normal operation The sphere gap lightning arrester thus protects the electrical system. Lightning Arrester work.
Horn gap arrester
This type of lightning arrester has two metal bodies that look a lot horn-shaped and there is an air gap between these two horn-shaped metal bodies. One metal body is attached to the phase and the other metal body is attached to the ground.
Under normal conditions, no spark is formed between them. The two metal bodies are placed at such a distance from each other that a spark is created when lightning strikes and leakage current flows to the ground.
Multiple gap arresters
As the name implies, there are many air gaps in this type of lightning arrest. Here many cylindrical metal bodies are attached in series. The first part of which is connected to
the phase and the last part to the ground and whenever lightning occurs the excess current flows to the ground through the metal body at the end. Lightning Arrester work.
Impulseprotective gap
This type of arrester has two electrodes in two spheres called S1, S2 between which an air gap
is created in such a way that an ideal impulse voltage ratio is maintained. Between these two spheres is an auxiliary needle. At normal frequencies, the reactance of capacitor C1 is greater than the resistance of R.
When transient current is generated due to lightning, the capacitance effect of C1 and C2 decreases and the resistance R dominates. This causes the excess voltage to flow between E and S1.
Electrolytearrester
Electrolyte arresters have a high discharge capacity. Such arresters contain aluminum rods and ions of aluminum and hydroxide. These aluminum electrodes exhibit high resistance up to a certain voltage label. This lightning arrester usually generates a spark at 440 volts and is capable of suppressing it.
Explosiontype arrester
The arresters we have discussed so far have been electrodes or metal rods. But fiber tubes exist in these exploitation-type arresters. This fiber tube plays a very important role in arc suppression. During arc suppression in this tube, gas is released from the chemicals in the fiber tube
which is sent to a small chamber connected to this tube and it is much like a circuit breaker.
Valve type lightning arrester
Such arresters have a glasshouse made of porcelain with high resistance and low resistance and electrodes. It goes without saying that this arrester does not respond to the minimum voltage variation. However, this arrester plays a very effective role in high voltage.
ThyroidLightning Arrester
Friends, when we name this lightning arrester, we realize that it contains a kind of inorganic compound called there. And discs made of thyroid can display low resistance at high voltages.
The connection to this disk is on the ground. So when high-voltage or current flows in the power line due to lightning, the resistance of this disc decreases. So that high currents can easily pass through this discs to the ground. These thyroid lightning arresters are usually used in high-rating substations.
AutovalveArrester
Such arresters have some smooth discs attached to the caring. Moreover, the metal body is attached to the disc. Such arresters are constructed in such a way that it is not reactive to normal voltage. This type of arrest causes a voltage drop of up to 350 volts.
Oxide filmarrester
The name suggests that it contains metal oxides. It consists of plates made of lead oxide and the plates are enclosed in a special tube. When an overflow occurs in the system the excess voltage drops to this disk and discharges in the form of a spark.
Metal oxide lightning arrester
It consists of gapless electrodes made of zinc oxide, which are bound to a porcelain house where sulfur hexafluoride gas exists. It has a layer of N-type semiconductors. This arrester is unresponsive to normal flow. When a high voltage is created, the arc is suppressed and the condition is alleviated.
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